Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. Under the reference "Bib. As Hakluyt points out, the desire for peace, change, stability, and economic wellness of England is the driving force for robust territorial possession. This implies that they are used to advance the ideals of the English population. [18], On 20 April 1590 Hakluyt was instituted to the clergy house of Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford, Suffolk, by Lady Stafford, who was the Dowager Baroness Sheffield. England was in an economic depression and was nervous about the growing power of Spain obtaining vast amounts of wealth from their spoils of the New World. At the age of 30, being acquainted with "the chiefest captaines at sea, the greatest merchants, and the best mariners of our nation,"[11] he was selected as chaplain and secretary to accompany Stafford, now English ambassador at the French court, to Paris in 1583. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. A prominent English attorney and his younger cousin, both named Richard Hakluyt, urged the English government to begin settlements in lands claimed nearly a century earlier by John and Sebastian Cabot who explored North America for King Henry VII of England. That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. Records also show that a Thomas Hakeluytt was in the wardship of Henry VIII (reigned 15091547) and Edward VI (reigned 15471553). Queen Elizabeth was under great pressure to provide for her people. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In accordance with the instructions of Secretary Francis Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French movements, and "making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerne discoveries in America. This will be made possible because England will easily secure raw materials and control strategic ports. Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. Captains of ships would document the places they visited such as the Far East and the Americas. 1. Catholicism had always justified Spanish conquest, and colonization always carried religious imperatives. It has been asserted that the income of the East India Company was increased by 20,000 through a study of Hakluyts Voyages. George Bruner Parks has theorized that publication at that time would have been inconvenient to England because after England had successfully helped Holland and Spain to negotiate the Twelve Years' Truce during the Eighty Years' War, the work would have supported English claims for free seas against Spain, but not its claims for closed seas against Holland. His knowledge kept England abreast of events and journeys being undertaken by other foreign powers. Richard Hakluyt. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons for Colonization, 1585 The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? "Richard Hakluyt contributed more to English letters, and has had more effect on English writing, than any other man who ever lived, with the possible exception of Shakespeare." Cecil, who was the principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I, rewarded him by installing him as prebendary of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster on 4 May 1602. Around that time he became a minister. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. must. Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601). who was a lawyer and also an advocate of English colonization. He dedicated much of his career to convincing his contemporaries about the necessity of England establishing its own colonies. . An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. Colonization has been considered as a means through which other nations control and use native people to serve their interests. Besides, the occupation of key ports will enhance commercial activities since England will charge duties and control high-traffic regions. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. English Deutsch Franais Espaol Portugus Italiano Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian Lithuanian esk . What is the importance of Richard Hakluyt to the history of early English colonization then? gradually changed in the direction of large and widespread colonization. A clergyman, he gave public lectures and became the first professor of modern geography at the University of Oxford. During this time, Hakluyt became increasingly convinced that England should lay claim to the territories in North America as quickly as possible, and gained support for his plan from influential men such as Francis Walsingham and Robert Cecil. In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Criminals will be effectively used in farms and industries to offer free labor. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. IvyPanda. Hakluyt's Benefits of Colonization. 8 April. In addition, the indigenous people, including Indians, are mere tools that serve the interests of the English people. He presented his Discourse of Western Planting to Queen Elizabeth I in manuscript, but it was not actually printed until almost three hundred years later. The process transformed the diets, economies, and cultures of both continents. Hakluyt returned to London in 1588. The increase of the force of the Christians. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." 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In spirit, it was a continuation of Hakluyts own work, and the two editors probably became acquainted. He carefully explores economic concerns . Hakluyt living during an interesting period in history called the Age of Exploration or sometimes the Age of Discovery. "[3] Some of Hakluyt's ancestors established themselves at Yatton in Herefordshire,[4][5][6] and must have ranked amongst the principal landowners of the county. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1574, followed by a Master of Arts in 1577. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. 3. The manuscript, lost for almost 300 years, was published for the first time in 1877. When the colony was at last established in 1607, he supplied this benefice with its chaplain, Robert Hunt. EN. Until after the death of his wife in 1597, little is heard of any geographical work, but he then completed the greatly enlarged second edition of the Voyages, which appeared in three volumes between 1598 and 1600. He was the chief promoter of a petition to James I for letters patent to colonize Virginia, which were granted to the London Company and Plymouth Company (referred to collectively as the Virginia Company) in 1606. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Hakluyt, History Today - The Architect of English Expansion, Encyclopedia of Virginia - Biography of Richard Hakluyt, Richard Hakluyt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America, The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation, Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes. Works by Hakluyt in addition to those mentioned above included translations of Antonio Galvos Discoveries of the World (1601) and of Hernando de Sotos account of Florida, under the title Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description ofFlorida (1609). These works were a fertile source of material for William Shakespeare[4] and other authors. In the dedication of the second volume (1599) to his patron, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Hakluyt strongly urged the minister as to the expediency of colonising Virginia. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. He is known for promoting early English exploration of North America. A man named Walter Hakelut was knighted in the 34th year of Edward I (1305) and later killed at the Battle of Bannockburn, and in 1349 Thomas Hakeluyt was chancellor of the diocese of Hereford. Richard Hakluyt makes the case for English colonization, 1584 Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. These views are first set out in the preface he wrote to John Florios translation of an account of Jacques Cartiers voyage to Canada, which he induced Florio to undertake, and are further developed in his first important work, Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America (1582). DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903), Jane Addams, The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892), Eugene Debs, How I Became a Socialist (April, 1902), Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Womens Suffrage (1917), Theodore Roosevelt on The New Nationalism (1910), Woodrow Wilson Requests War (April 2, 1917), Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917), W.E.B DuBois, Returning Soldiers (May, 1919), Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic (1918), Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence (1919), Warren G. Harding and the Return to Normalcy (1920), Crystal Eastman, Now We Can Begin (1920), Marcus Garvey, Explanation of the Objects of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (1921), Hiram Evans on the The Klans Fight for Americanism (1926), Herbert Hoover, Principles and Ideals of the United States Government (1928), Ellen Welles Page, A Flappers Appeal to Parents (1922), Huey P. Long, Every Man a King and Share our Wealth (1934), Franklin Roosevelts Re-Nomination Acceptance Speech (1936), Second Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1937), Lester Hunter, Id Rather Not Be on Relief (1938), Bertha McCall on Americas Moving People (1940), Dorothy West, Amateur Night in Harlem (1938), Charles A. Lindbergh, America First (1941), A Phillip Randolph and Franklin Roosevelt on Racial Discrimination in the Defense Industry (1941), Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga on Japanese Internment (1942/1994), Harry Truman Announcing the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima (1945), Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower, Atoms for Peace (1953), Senator Margaret Chase Smiths Declaration of Conscience (1950), Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names (1952), Paul Robesons Appearance Before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1956), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Richard Nixon on the American Standard of Living (1959), John F. Kennedy on the Separation of Church and State (1960), Congressman Arthur L. Miller Gives the Putrid Facts About Homosexuality (1950), Rosa Parks on Life in Montgomery, Alabama (1956-1958), Barry Goldwater, Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech (1964), Lyndon Johnson on Voting Rights and the American Promise (1965), Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address (1965), National Organization for Women, Statement of Purpose (1966), George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (1969/2012), Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention 1964, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (1971), Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (1976), Jimmy Carter, Crisis of Confidence (1979), Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women (1970), First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan (1981), Jerry Falwell on the Homosexual Revolution (1981), Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center (1985), Phyllis Schlafly on Womens Responsibility for Sexual Harassment (1981), Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition (1984), Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000), The 9/11 Commission Report, Reflecting On A Generational Challenge (2004), George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). He also remarked that it would greatly annoy the Spanish king that England was encroaching upon land that Spain wanted for itself. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. We utilize security vendors that protect and Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. (2021) 'English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View'. [10] These religious occupations have occasioned reconsideration of the role played by spiritual concerns in Hakluyt's writings on exploration, settlement, and England's relations with its Catholic rivals. This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. He spoke possibly four languages (including Greek, Latin, French and Italian), and his love of geography, many scholars say, was influenced by a large map he saw as a child. Bod. Richard Hakluyt of Oxford . In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. on 19 February 1574, and shortly after taking his Master of Arts (M.A.) Of chief concern would be for ''the enlargement of the gospel of Christ,'' in converting the natives to the Anglican religion. This book describes in detail the life and times of Hakluyt, a trained minister who . 1) Rich soil 2) ease of travel 3)Increase Navel Power (build more ships)-larger ships the better 4)make their Navy so strong It was at Hakluyt's suggestion that Robert Parke translated Juan Gonzlez de Mendoza's The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof (15881590),[30] John Pory made his version of Leo Africanus's A Geographical Historie of Africa (1600),[31] and P. Erondelle translated Marc Lescarbot's Nova Francia (1609). Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. manuscript Seld. Richard Hakluyt, Hakluyt, Richard BORN: 1552 . The inter-European rivalry appears to be the main theme in this literature. His objective was to recommend the enterprise of establishing English plantations in the unsettled [by Europeans] region of North America, and thus gain the Queen's support for Raleigh's expedition. [10] In May 1585 when Hakluyt was in Paris with the English Embassy, the Queen granted to him the next prebendary at Bristol Cathedral that should become vacant,[5][15] to which he was admitted in 1585 or 1586 and held with other preferments till his death. [5] His last publication was a translation of Hernando de Soto's discoveries in Florida, entitled Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description of the Maine Land of Florida, Her Next Neighbour (1609). A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14].
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richard hakluyt reasons for colonization